Thursday, August 30, 2007

Article Assignment

I read the article on Homeostasis and it basically identifies the consequences and causes of osteoporosis or at least thats what I understood. Sea water use to give calcium until mammals and other ancestors needed a better way for calcium. Any body resides in their skeleton approximately 99% of bodily calcium. Scientist started to investigate new forms for obtaining calcium and they found calcium homestasis. This process observes calcium from the bones but can cause a bad effect on your body like obtaining osteoporisis. Osteoporosis is a desease were the loss of bone density provokes pain in all the skeleton. This desease is mostly common on elderly popularity.
When the process of calcium homeostasis is performed on a person it sacrificeses the skeleton and it maintains the dequate blood calcium levels. Parathyroid hormone(PTH) is the regulatory system at the heart of calcium homeostasis. When ever the (PTH) in other words whenever the calcium level drops it developes osteoclasts that destry bones by dissolving them. They also retrieve the calcium for the body.(PTH) is a hormone that tryes to boost blood calcium levels to regulate.
Vitamin D is very important for every body. Exercising is very healthy for bones. Every one should exercise in order to prevent osteoporosis. Trying to have vitamin D in your system can help you absorb food and it may also help cause osteoporosis by producing osteoclast. So vitamins or good for some people but it can harm others. Thats life this was very intersting to me. My mom says that avoiding heat on bones can also prevent osteoporosis but who knows. I really enjoyed reading this article. I learned a lot.

Book questions on unit 2

Chapter 1-
Distinguish between the study of anatomy and the study of physiology.
*Anatomy is the study of the body structure and physiology is the study of the body functions.
Give an example that shows the relationship between the structure and function of body parts.
* Stomach
List the levels of organizations within the human body in reference to a specific organ.
*Atom, Molecule, Macromolecules, Cell, Organelles, Tissue, organ, and organ system
Distinguish between a midsagittal cut, a transverse cut, and a frontal cut.
Midsagittal cut- sagittal (vertical) plane divides into right and left parts.
Transverse cut- trnsverse (horizontal ) plane, divides into superior and inferior parts
Frontal cut- frontal (coronal) plane, divides into anterior and posterior parts
Distinguish between the dorsal and ventral body cavities, and name two smaller cavities that occur within each.
Dorsal- cranial and spinal cavities
Ventral- thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Define homeostasis, and explain its importance.
Homeostasis- is the relative constancy of the body’s internal environment, which is composed of blood and the tissue fluid that bathes the cells.
All the body’s systems contribute to homeostasis because it regulates or maintains the body at a good blood temperature.
Objective Questions:
Part IV-
Digestive system
Urinary system
Respiratory system
Circulatory system
Reproductive system
Nervous system
Endocrine system
19. Thyroid gland (g)
20. Lungs (c)
21. Heart (d)
22. Ovaries (e)
23. Brain (f)
24. Stomach (a)
25. Kidneys (b)
Part V-
26. A(n) __organ___ is composed of several types of tissues and performs a particular function.
27. The imaginary plane that passes through the midline of the body is called the __sagittal___ plane.
28. All the organ systems of the body together function to maintain __homeostasis__ , a relative constancy of the internal environment.


Medical Terminology Reinforcement Exercise
3. Gastrectomy means excision of the ___stomach_____.
Macrocephalus means large __head____.
Trans thoracic means across the ___chest___.
Bilateral means two or both __sides____.
Dorsalgia means pain in the __back____.
Endocrinology is the __study_____ of the endocrine system (secretions within).



Chapter 4-
4. Describe the structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Include the terms smooth (ER) rough (ER), and ribosomes in your description.
*Endoplasmic reticulum- membranous system of tubular canals begins the nuclear envelope and branches throughout the cytoplasm. It has ribosomes on it and the soft (ER) has no ribosome on it.
5. Describe the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus. Mention vesicles and lysosomes in your description.
* Golgi apparatus- it secretes a product. A lysosome is a type of vesicle in it.
6. Describe the structure and function of mitochondria. Mention the energy molecule ATP in your description.
* Mitochondria- blood, glucose, level
8. Contrast passive transport (diffusion, osmosis, and filtration) with active transport of molecules across the plasma membrane.
*Active transport requires more energy.




Objective question
Match the organelles in the key to the functions given in quest 1-5.
mitochondria
nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Rough (ER)
Centrioles
packaging and secretion (c)
cell division (e)
powerhouses of the cell (a)
protein synthesis (d)
control center for cell (b)

Chapter 5-
What is a tissue?
*A tissue is composed of similarly specialized cells that perform a common function in the body.
What are the functions of epithelial tissue? Name the different kinds of epithelial tissue, and give a location for each.
Epithelial tissue- continuous layer, over entire body surface inner cavities
Squamous epithelium- composed flat cells, lines the long and blood vessels.
Cuboidal epithelium- cubed shape, lines the kidney tubules
Columnar epithelium- located near bottom (lining the digestive tract)
Stratified- layers piled (nose, mouth, canal, etc)
Pseudostratified- be layered (not exist) cell touches the baseline)
What are the functions of connective tissue? Name the different kinds of connective tissue, and give a location for each.
* Connective tissue- binds structures together, provides support and protection, fills spaces, produces blood cells, and stores fat.
* Loose Connective Tissue- mainly fibroblasts distance from one another
Fibrous Connective tissue- found in Tendons and ligaments
Cartilage- Hyaline, in nose. Elastic, framework of outer ear. Fibrocartilage, wedges in knee joint or pads between vertebrae of backbone
Bone- Everywhere in the body, spongy bone on the top of bone
Blood- (erythrocytes) (leukocytes) located all body in plasma
Muscular tissue- skeletal (inside the plasma membrane), smooth (stomach etc), and cardiac muscle (only heart).
Nervous tissue- located in brain and spinal cord
Name the different types of body membranes, and associate each type with a particular location in the body.
* Mucous- interior walls of the organs (nose, stomach)
Serous- line cavities, cover internal organs (heart)
Synovial- line freely movable joint cavities, composed of connective tissue
Meninges- membranes found within the dorsal cavity(brain and spinal cord)
Cutaneous- (skin) forms outer covering of the body


Cell novanet questions

Explain the difference between anatomy and physiology.
*The difference between anatomy and physiology is that anatomy is the study of the human body structures and physiology is the study of functions of the human body structures.
Please organize the following structures in order from smallest to largest: system, tissue, organ, and cell.
Cell, tissue, organ, system
In the term physiology the suffix -logy means what?
* The study of something
What is the type of membrane that lines all of the passages leading the exterior? * Mucous Membranes
What do you call a mass of cells that all perform the same function?
* A tissue
What type of tissue is specialized for the conduction of nerve impulses?
* Nerve
The term epidermis contains a prefix and a root term. What is the root in this word and what does it mean? What is the prefix in this word and what does it mean? * Epi- upon * Dermis- skin
The term cavity appears frequently in this lesson. What does it mean?
A hole or opening, a hollow area
Name the four main types of tissue and describe their function.
1. Epithelial- skin, lines cavities within the body.
2. Connective- supports protects, bones cartilage, adipose (fat)
3. Muscle- specialized for contraction.
4. Nerve- specialized for the conduction of neural impulse.
A cell is made of ____cytoplasm______________ except for the nucleus which is made of ___protoplasm_______________.
What type of membrane lines joint cavities and outer surfaces of bones?
Fibrous Membrane
What is an organ system?
*A group of organs that are specialized to perform a major body function.
Name the five types of membranes and where each is located.
Cutaneous- skin compose of sheets epithelial and connective tissue.
Mucous- lines all passageways that lead to exterior body
Fibrous- lines all joint cavities, cover the outer surface of bones.
Serous- lines closed cavities and the organs in them.
What is the function of the cell membrane? The nucleus?
* The cell membrane, It transports and protects proteins.
* The nucleus stores heredity and genes (DNA).
The cutaneous membrane is made of two distinct layers. Name each of these layers and describe what they are made of.
Epidermis- (outer layer) is epithelial sheets of cutaneous membrane.
Dermis- (Corium) Composed of mainly of connective tissue and microscopic organs such as the sweat gland or the sebaceous gland.


Sunday, August 26, 2007

My love without taste

I once knew a young guy with adipose tissue all around him. He was the sweetest men ever having words coming up to his head like cephalad. Although he was fat, he didn't really attracted me in any way. He took a biology class to see if he can make me fall in love with him by learning about life, but I wasn't interested at all. Instead I was learning more about oculist and how they interact with patients.
One day when he came to bring me roses to my house, the police was looking for a homocide hiding in the same street. Unfortanitely he got shot and hit in his cranium. I started crying and wanted that homocide to get decapitate as soon as possible. The police had a pedometer to calculate the mesure of the distance the bullet took to hit my admieror.
He was taken to the hospital with the lateral bullet on his head. I was feeling like if I had an epilapsy going on through my mind not knowing what to do. Mean while a phagocyte was developing inside his brain. "Can this be true?" I would ask myself. He was going to have an angiography in order to see deaper inside the injury. He didn't deserve dieing for me. His soul was abducting as far away from me and that got me scared. I started praying asking God to extend his life.The circumduction of my nerves led me to my spiritual death. I had to intercome with his family to let them know what went on. They told me that they came 4 his autograph, he died.I took them and he had disapered. My heart started pumping hard damaging even my pluera.
A sphycologist would have to interrogate me on this story. I would have to prevent pseudologia fantastica in order for people to believe me. This story made me feel crazy, I even had an influence with an cystitis desease after this crisis. I started developing an epidemic desease inside of me, and was told that I was going to die. Everyone thought I was crazy until that guy appeared one day there at the hospital. After that day the hospital was closed and cause many people to obtain hepatitis. Was it a bad spirit? Who knows, but this story is just written in the government in order for people not to know on what land they are living on. It can even be the land your living on now!!!! Learn more about were your feet are stepping. The history of every land is important. Also make sure not to interact with strangers they can be ghost or even angels.

Fun creative words ;)

Drills on Diction Assignment

****************** Root- Term- Definition- Sentence ***************

adip- adipose- Relating to fat- When fat people get diseases they don’t know that the adipose tissue in them can cause them death.

Bio- biology- the study of life- Every high school student is required to pass a biology class before receiving a high school diploma.

Capit- decapitate- to behead- In the bible I have read that in the future people are going to make injustice by decapitating religious followers of Jesus.

Cephal- cephalad- towards the head- The nerves in your body gives automatic vibrations as cephaled.

Corp- corpse- A animal or human body- There are many topics regarding corpses like for example Autopsy.

Crani- cranium- another word for skull, a bony structure protecting the brain- There is a game named cranium which I recommend to everyone.

Dent- dentist- a profession that resolves the problems with teeth- I went with an orthodontic I passed to check my teeth with a dentist.

Hist- History- the study of the past, focused on human activity and leading up to the present day- When you go to school history is one of the most important subjects to learn.

Later- lateral- an anatomical direction- Lateral is one of my vocabulary words in assignment.

Ocul- oculist- a physician who treats diseases of the eye- My sister had to go to see an oculist for her eyes.

Oste- osteomalacia- is a softening of the bones, resulting from defective bone mineralization- When children get osteomalacia is defined as rickets.

Phag- phagocyte- a cell capable of engulfing and digesting foreign particles or other cells- A students learned the meaning of phagocyte today in class.

Pleur- pleural cavity- the area that contains the lungs- Without a pleural cavity our lungs wouldn’t be protected as it is with this cavity.

Quad- quadrilateral- a rectangular area surrounded on all four sides by buildings- In any geometry class they always define the quadrilateral planes.

Stern- sternum- the breast bone- Whenever I cook for my boyfriends I always give him the sternum of the chicken.

Ab- abduction- moving away from the midline of the body- Today in class I showed what abduction movement was with the doll I did.

Ad- adduction- moving toward the midline of the body-When you have your feet together it identifies the adduction of the legs.

Angi- angioplasty- is the mechanical widening of a narrowed or totally-obstructed blood vessel- Most people need an angioplasty, there often caused by atherosclerosis and this molding is required.

Auto- autograph- person’s signature- My sister was collecting autograph’s of celebrities and ended up with a philography collection.

Centi- centimeter- a metric unit of measurement of length- The ruler divides it self in centimeters through one side only.

Dextro- dextromanual- being or tending to be right-handed- People with their dextromanual talent are very fast.

Epi- epilepsy- chronic neurological disorder, characterized as unprovoked seizures- I had a friend in school who needed extra attention in case of any seizure would occur.

Ex- extension (telephone) - an internal telephone line attached to a PBX or Centrex system- I needed an extension cord for me to get online in the internet through the phone line.

Inter- interrogation- is a methodology employed during the interview of a person to obtain information that the source would not otherwise willingly disclose- The criminal had to go through the interrogation in order to approve him guilty.

Non- non-toxic chemicals- chemicals that prevent form cancer and pollution- Hospitals and organizations advise the community to obtain non-toxic chemicals for protection.

Ortho- orthodontist- is a dentist who specializes in making teeth straight, instead of fixing cavities- After I went to the dentist, I found an orthodontist for braces in order to have a nice smile.

Path- pathology- the study of disease- When you want to be a doctor you should take a pathology class.

Pseudo- pseudologia fantastica- is one of several terms applied by psychiatrists to the behaviors of habitual or compulsive lying- My friend went to a psychiatrist and was told that she had problems dealing with pseudologia fantastica that made her be surprised.
Cide- homicide- refers to the act of killing another human being- The homicide left no clue for the criminal charges.

Itis- Cystitis- is information of the urinary bladder- Some old ladies tend to have cystitis more easily than men.

Logy- ecology- is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms- My sister took an ecology class in her first year in college.

Meter- parameter- is quantities that define certain relatively constant characteristics of systems or functions- In my other class they were comparing the definition of parameter.

Plasty- Nucleoplasty- percutaneous radiofrequency thermomodulation, experimental for the decompression of herniated vertebral disks- The boss at the shop I would work at, needed a nucleoplasty surgery.

Scope- microscope- is an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked or unaided eye- My dad bought me a microscope for my birthday which made me very happy.

Tuesday, August 14, 2007

Hi! My name is Debora Gomez andI hope to enjoy Anatomy as much as my teacher does. ;)