Book questions on unit 2

Chapter 1-
Distinguish between the study of anatomy and the study of physiology.
*Anatomy is the study of the body structure and physiology is the study of the body functions.
Give an example that shows the relationship between the structure and function of body parts.
* Stomach
List the levels of organizations within the human body in reference to a specific organ.
*Atom, Molecule, Macromolecules, Cell, Organelles, Tissue, organ, and organ system
Distinguish between a midsagittal cut, a transverse cut, and a frontal cut.
Midsagittal cut- sagittal (vertical) plane divides into right and left parts.
Transverse cut- trnsverse (horizontal ) plane, divides into superior and inferior parts
Frontal cut- frontal (coronal) plane, divides into anterior and posterior parts
Distinguish between the dorsal and ventral body cavities, and name two smaller cavities that occur within each.
Dorsal- cranial and spinal cavities
Ventral- thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Define homeostasis, and explain its importance.
Homeostasis- is the relative constancy of the body’s internal environment, which is composed of blood and the tissue fluid that bathes the cells.
All the body’s systems contribute to homeostasis because it regulates or maintains the body at a good blood temperature.
Objective Questions:
Part IV-
Digestive system
Urinary system
Respiratory system
Circulatory system
Reproductive system
Nervous system
Endocrine system
19. Thyroid gland (g)
20. Lungs (c)
21. Heart (d)
22. Ovaries (e)
23. Brain (f)
24. Stomach (a)
25. Kidneys (b)
Part V-
26. A(n) __organ___ is composed of several types of tissues and performs a particular function.
27. The imaginary plane that passes through the midline of the body is called the __sagittal___ plane.
28. All the organ systems of the body together function to maintain __homeostasis__ , a relative constancy of the internal environment.


Medical Terminology Reinforcement Exercise
3. Gastrectomy means excision of the ___stomach_____.
Macrocephalus means large __head____.
Trans thoracic means across the ___chest___.
Bilateral means two or both __sides____.
Dorsalgia means pain in the __back____.
Endocrinology is the __study_____ of the endocrine system (secretions within).



Chapter 4-
4. Describe the structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Include the terms smooth (ER) rough (ER), and ribosomes in your description.
*Endoplasmic reticulum- membranous system of tubular canals begins the nuclear envelope and branches throughout the cytoplasm. It has ribosomes on it and the soft (ER) has no ribosome on it.
5. Describe the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus. Mention vesicles and lysosomes in your description.
* Golgi apparatus- it secretes a product. A lysosome is a type of vesicle in it.
6. Describe the structure and function of mitochondria. Mention the energy molecule ATP in your description.
* Mitochondria- blood, glucose, level
8. Contrast passive transport (diffusion, osmosis, and filtration) with active transport of molecules across the plasma membrane.
*Active transport requires more energy.




Objective question
Match the organelles in the key to the functions given in quest 1-5.
mitochondria
nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Rough (ER)
Centrioles
packaging and secretion (c)
cell division (e)
powerhouses of the cell (a)
protein synthesis (d)
control center for cell (b)

Chapter 5-
What is a tissue?
*A tissue is composed of similarly specialized cells that perform a common function in the body.
What are the functions of epithelial tissue? Name the different kinds of epithelial tissue, and give a location for each.
Epithelial tissue- continuous layer, over entire body surface inner cavities
Squamous epithelium- composed flat cells, lines the long and blood vessels.
Cuboidal epithelium- cubed shape, lines the kidney tubules
Columnar epithelium- located near bottom (lining the digestive tract)
Stratified- layers piled (nose, mouth, canal, etc)
Pseudostratified- be layered (not exist) cell touches the baseline)
What are the functions of connective tissue? Name the different kinds of connective tissue, and give a location for each.
* Connective tissue- binds structures together, provides support and protection, fills spaces, produces blood cells, and stores fat.
* Loose Connective Tissue- mainly fibroblasts distance from one another
Fibrous Connective tissue- found in Tendons and ligaments
Cartilage- Hyaline, in nose. Elastic, framework of outer ear. Fibrocartilage, wedges in knee joint or pads between vertebrae of backbone
Bone- Everywhere in the body, spongy bone on the top of bone
Blood- (erythrocytes) (leukocytes) located all body in plasma
Muscular tissue- skeletal (inside the plasma membrane), smooth (stomach etc), and cardiac muscle (only heart).
Nervous tissue- located in brain and spinal cord
Name the different types of body membranes, and associate each type with a particular location in the body.
* Mucous- interior walls of the organs (nose, stomach)
Serous- line cavities, cover internal organs (heart)
Synovial- line freely movable joint cavities, composed of connective tissue
Meninges- membranes found within the dorsal cavity(brain and spinal cord)
Cutaneous- (skin) forms outer covering of the body