1.What are three functions of the kidneys? * Filters all matter not just waste products * Selectively reabsorbs all the substances that the body can make of use * Eliminates waste products from the blood in the form of urine
2.What is the protective layer around the kidney? * The peri-renal capsule
3.What is the outer layer of the kidney? * The cortex
4.What is the urine collection system of the kidney? * The medulla
5.What is the dilated end of the ureters called? * The pelvis
6.What is the function of the bladder? * To store urine
7.What transports urine in males? Females? * Male/Urethra- transports urine to the outside of the body. It also carries semen. * Female/Urethra- Only transports urine to the outside of the body.
Tuesday, November 27, 2007
The Digestive Worksheet
1.What is the digestive tract? * A long continuous tube with food first entering at the mouth.
2.What happens to undigested materials in the digestive tract? *It continues down along the tube until it comes out through the anus along with dead cells.
3.Sketch the path that food takes through the digestive tract. Be sure to include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, appendix, large intestine rectum, and all 4 sphincters. ** On a separate piece of paper ***
4.What is the function of the mouth in the digestion process? * The mouth is used to break down the food with the teeth, tongue, and the muscle movements.
5.What is the term for the small mass of food that enters into the esophagus? * Bolus
6.What triggers
peristalsis? * The presence of bolus in the esophagus
7.What is the function of the cardiac sphincter? *Closes the entrance of the stomach.
8.What is the mucous membrane? * The coating over the stomach wall which prevents digestion of itself.
9.How long is the small intestine? * Over 20 feet long
10.Where does most digestion and absorption of nutrients take place? * Small Intestines
11.What increase the surface area of the small intestine? *The Villi
12.What is the first section of the small intestine? What is its function? *The Duodenum- the receptors detect the presence of hypo and their hypo tonic solutions, acid and chemical changes in the chime.
13.Where is bile stored? * In the Gallbladder
14.What is segmentation? * A type of muscle contraction
15.When does the ileocecal sphincter open? *It opens when the build up of food in the small intestines reaches a certain point.
16.What is the function of the anal sphincter? * Stops waste from leaving the body until it is desired.
17.What is the function of the appendix in humans? * No function in humans, it may be removed when infected or desired.
18.Where does digestion begin? * Mouth
19.What is gastric juice made of? * Hydrochloric acids and enzymes
20.Where are enzymes released in the small intestine produced? * Pancreas and intestinal glands
21.What is the function of the following enzymes: amylase, lactase, maltase, sucrase, and lipase? * Amylase- Completes the process of hydrolyzing starch * Lactase- Breaks down lactose * Maltase- Breaks down maltose * Sucrase- Breaks down surcrose * Lipase- Breaks down the lipase
22.There are two ways that nutrients get into the blood stream. Describe each method. * There are the methods in which the substances diffuse across the intestinal membrane. Also by blood flowing along the concentration gradient. * Other methods are by substances being forced through the membrane against a gradient. Greater than it is in the intestinal lumen.
2.What happens to undigested materials in the digestive tract? *It continues down along the tube until it comes out through the anus along with dead cells.
3.Sketch the path that food takes through the digestive tract. Be sure to include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, appendix, large intestine rectum, and all 4 sphincters. ** On a separate piece of paper ***
4.What is the function of the mouth in the digestion process? * The mouth is used to break down the food with the teeth, tongue, and the muscle movements.
5.What is the term for the small mass of food that enters into the esophagus? * Bolus
6.What triggers
peristalsis? * The presence of bolus in the esophagus
7.What is the function of the cardiac sphincter? *Closes the entrance of the stomach.
8.What is the mucous membrane? * The coating over the stomach wall which prevents digestion of itself.
9.How long is the small intestine? * Over 20 feet long
10.Where does most digestion and absorption of nutrients take place? * Small Intestines
11.What increase the surface area of the small intestine? *The Villi
12.What is the first section of the small intestine? What is its function? *The Duodenum- the receptors detect the presence of hypo and their hypo tonic solutions, acid and chemical changes in the chime.
13.Where is bile stored? * In the Gallbladder
14.What is segmentation? * A type of muscle contraction
15.When does the ileocecal sphincter open? *It opens when the build up of food in the small intestines reaches a certain point.
16.What is the function of the anal sphincter? * Stops waste from leaving the body until it is desired.
17.What is the function of the appendix in humans? * No function in humans, it may be removed when infected or desired.
18.Where does digestion begin? * Mouth
19.What is gastric juice made of? * Hydrochloric acids and enzymes
20.Where are enzymes released in the small intestine produced? * Pancreas and intestinal glands
21.What is the function of the following enzymes: amylase, lactase, maltase, sucrase, and lipase? * Amylase- Completes the process of hydrolyzing starch * Lactase- Breaks down lactose * Maltase- Breaks down maltose * Sucrase- Breaks down surcrose * Lipase- Breaks down the lipase
22.There are two ways that nutrients get into the blood stream. Describe each method. * There are the methods in which the substances diffuse across the intestinal membrane. Also by blood flowing along the concentration gradient. * Other methods are by substances being forced through the membrane against a gradient. Greater than it is in the intestinal lumen.
Part 2 (Immune System)
1. How does the flu build a resistance to drug treatment?
*Well as far as I understood strong versions of the flu are the resistant part. The strong versions then multiply and change which become more resistant to everything specially medications. So the virus evolves into other without ever killing it all and until it all resist to medication.
2. Why is the build up of resistance to an anti-flu drug referred to as evolving? *Well the conflict meaning that the resistance is caused by the mutation of the disease. Evolving means changing and that is what the virus does. So the anti-flu drug is difficult to destroy the flu virus because the virus always changes. The good part is that all the kinds of flu’s have almost the same symptom, but not every time the medication works.
3. This article named Tamiflu and Relenza as anti-flu medications. How do these drugs “get rid” of the flu virus?
• The Tamiflu prevents viral reproduction of flu. Well this stops the enzymes stopping the flu to reproduce in the blood stream.
• The Relanza also gets Neuraminidase, meaning it prevents the flu virus from spreading. It also removes the sialic acid receptors and newly formed viral parts.
4. Can antibiotics be prescribed to treat the flu? Why or Why not?
* Well antibiotics fight against bacterial infections and the flu is a viral infection. By taking antibiotics in your body you’re not going to cure the flu but only make your body resistant to antibiotics. The consequences are very harmful when drinking antibiotics you don’t take medicine without a prescription because you may regret it when antibiotics instead of helping end up hurting you.
*Well as far as I understood strong versions of the flu are the resistant part. The strong versions then multiply and change which become more resistant to everything specially medications. So the virus evolves into other without ever killing it all and until it all resist to medication.
2. Why is the build up of resistance to an anti-flu drug referred to as evolving? *Well the conflict meaning that the resistance is caused by the mutation of the disease. Evolving means changing and that is what the virus does. So the anti-flu drug is difficult to destroy the flu virus because the virus always changes. The good part is that all the kinds of flu’s have almost the same symptom, but not every time the medication works.
3. This article named Tamiflu and Relenza as anti-flu medications. How do these drugs “get rid” of the flu virus?
• The Tamiflu prevents viral reproduction of flu. Well this stops the enzymes stopping the flu to reproduce in the blood stream.
• The Relanza also gets Neuraminidase, meaning it prevents the flu virus from spreading. It also removes the sialic acid receptors and newly formed viral parts.
4. Can antibiotics be prescribed to treat the flu? Why or Why not?
* Well antibiotics fight against bacterial infections and the flu is a viral infection. By taking antibiotics in your body you’re not going to cure the flu but only make your body resistant to antibiotics. The consequences are very harmful when drinking antibiotics you don’t take medicine without a prescription because you may regret it when antibiotics instead of helping end up hurting you.
Article #1
Summary
This article is basically telling me that there is many types of viruses or desease that may appear to be the same but are different. In other words everytime there is a cold wether or a change of weather people get a new flu shot. We all get a new flu shot because every year its a different type a flu with the same symptoms but different bacteria. Some desease like chickenpops could be prevented because there is only one type of desease. So this article opens our eyes to the reality letting us learn that we are wrong in thinking we get the same sore throught or flu all the time. There are millions of viruses that we can't even imagine how many we ahve had.
Reflection
By reading this article I have learn something surprizing. I always thought we would have the same sickness all the time but apperently I was wrong. I am thankful for reading this article because it has made my knowledge grown. It is important to know all this facts because we may be drinking antibiotics and harming our bodies without knowing. Our Immune system is very important so its helpful to know all this facts in order to prevent future negligence.
This article is basically telling me that there is many types of viruses or desease that may appear to be the same but are different. In other words everytime there is a cold wether or a change of weather people get a new flu shot. We all get a new flu shot because every year its a different type a flu with the same symptoms but different bacteria. Some desease like chickenpops could be prevented because there is only one type of desease. So this article opens our eyes to the reality letting us learn that we are wrong in thinking we get the same sore throught or flu all the time. There are millions of viruses that we can't even imagine how many we ahve had.
Reflection
By reading this article I have learn something surprizing. I always thought we would have the same sickness all the time but apperently I was wrong. I am thankful for reading this article because it has made my knowledge grown. It is important to know all this facts because we may be drinking antibiotics and harming our bodies without knowing. Our Immune system is very important so its helpful to know all this facts in order to prevent future negligence.
Wednesday, November 7, 2007
Part 3 My response and summary
Summary response
The article I read in anatomy class seemed very interesting because it was about good bacteria I had never heard of. Probiotics are very beneficial as far as scientist and doctors say. In this article it explains how probiotics help your digestive system and your immune system by eating products like yogurt. This is very interesting because it does really help our body and prevent us from other side effect we often get like diarrhea. So basically this article identifies what probiotics do to the common human body. For example it says that probiotics ease the symptoms of Inflamatory Bowel decease and lactose intolerance. Scientist also have evidence of probiotics that may help combat allergies and enhance the immune system.
In my opinion this article can help many people who have the misconception regarding bacteria. Sanitizer liquid is often use for our outer body but imagine drinking sanitizer inside our body and killing the good bacteria we need. Yeah it definitely cleared my mind in understanding how bacteria are very needful even though the word bacteria may sound disgusting. Yes, now I will eat more yogurts than before because we all need the good bacteria but drinking pills is not my thing. I am so glad probiotics come in food it makes it easier for all the community to have the good bacteria in them.
The article I read in anatomy class seemed very interesting because it was about good bacteria I had never heard of. Probiotics are very beneficial as far as scientist and doctors say. In this article it explains how probiotics help your digestive system and your immune system by eating products like yogurt. This is very interesting because it does really help our body and prevent us from other side effect we often get like diarrhea. So basically this article identifies what probiotics do to the common human body. For example it says that probiotics ease the symptoms of Inflamatory Bowel decease and lactose intolerance. Scientist also have evidence of probiotics that may help combat allergies and enhance the immune system.
In my opinion this article can help many people who have the misconception regarding bacteria. Sanitizer liquid is often use for our outer body but imagine drinking sanitizer inside our body and killing the good bacteria we need. Yeah it definitely cleared my mind in understanding how bacteria are very needful even though the word bacteria may sound disgusting. Yes, now I will eat more yogurts than before because we all need the good bacteria but drinking pills is not my thing. I am so glad probiotics come in food it makes it easier for all the community to have the good bacteria in them.
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